Sample temperature control

Heating/cooling stage (Click the picture for details)	For solution scattering on biological samples a system has been designed based on a Peltier heater/cooler. This system has an operating temperature range from -10 °C to +60 °C.
High temperature furnace	A high temperature furnace for experiments on ceramic samples has been obtained from the Royal Institution. This furnace can heat samples up to 1100 °C with a temperature gradient of less than 5 °C at 1000 °C.
High temperature furnace	A second furnace (Linkam TS1500) for temperatures up to 1500 °C is also available.

A Linkam HFS 191 Heating/Freezing stage with a working temperature range -196 °C to 600 °C is available as well.

Literature:

A. J. Dent, M. Oversluizen, G. N. Greaves, M. A. Roberts, G. Sankar, C. R. A. Catlow and J. M. Thomas, A furnace design for use in combined X-ray absorption and diffraction up to a temperature of 1200 °C: Study of cordierite ceramic formation using fluorescence QEXAFS/XRD, Physica B-Condensed Matter 208 (1995), no. 1-4, 253-255.